Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

What is ADHD?

ADHD is a chronic condition that typically begins in childhood and can continue into adulthood. It is one of the most commonly diagnosed neurodevelopmental disorders, affecting approximately 5-10% of children and 2-5% of adults worldwide.

Symptoms of ADHD

The symptoms of ADHD can be classified into two categories: inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity. Inattention symptoms include difficulty focusing on tasks, forgetfulness, distractibility, and disorganization. Hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms include fidgeting, excessive talking, interrupting others, and difficulty waiting for one's turn.

These symptoms can vary in severity and present differently in individuals. For example, some children with ADHD may be excessively talkative and interruptive, while others may struggle to maintain focus on a task and be forgetful.

Inattention: Difficulty paying attention to details, easily distracted, difficulty following instructions, forgetful in daily activities, disorganized.

Hyperactivity: Difficulty sitting still, excessive fidgeting, talking excessively, running or climbing inappropriately.

Impulsivity:

Difficulty waiting for their turn, interrupting others, blurting out inappropriate comments, acting without thinking.

Some individuals may have predominantly inattentive symptoms (formerly known as ADD), while others may have predominantly hyperactive-impulsive symptoms or a combination of both.

Diagnosis of ADHD

Diagnosing ADHD involves a comprehensive evaluation that includes a medical history, physical examination, and psychological testing. Medical conditions such as sleep disorders, anxiety, or depression can cause symptoms that mimic ADHD, so it's important to rule out any underlying medical conditions before making a diagnosis.

Psychological testing may involve completing rating scales or questionnaires like the Conners' Rating Scales or the ADHD Rating Scale. These tests measure the severity and frequency of ADHD symptoms and can help to guide treatment.

ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) can be diagnosed by a psychiatrist, a psychologist, a pediatrician or family doctor, a nurse practitioner, a neurologist, or a master-level counselor who can evaluate symptoms and conduct psychological tests. Diagnosis often involves a comprehensive evaluation of a person's medical history, behavior, and overall functioning.

To be diagnosed with ADHD, a person must exhibit inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, which interfere with daily life activities such as school, work, or social relationships, and have been present for at least six months.

Once diagnosed, treatment for ADHD may include medication, therapy, or a combination of both. Medications can help reduce symptoms and improve attention and focus. Lifestyle changes can also help manage ADHD symptoms, such as getting enough sleep, exercising, and eating a healthy diet. In addition, creating structure and routine in daily activities can help people with ADHD stay organized and focused.

It's important to consult with your pediatrician and mental health therapist for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment for ADHD. At Fairmont Pediatrics, our team of healthcare providers and medical staff are ready to develop customized treatment plans that meets the unique needs of each child. If you suspect that your child may have ADHD, call and schedule an appointment for an evaluation.